Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho waseShayina, izimboni zezokuvakasha kanye namahhotela ziye zachuma, zakhulisa kakhulu imakethe yokuwasha ilineni. Njengoba isimo somnotho saseShayina siqhubeka nokuguquka, imikhakha ehlukahlukene iyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu nayo ayihlukile. Lesi sihloko sihlola izici ezahlukahlukene zemakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina, sihlola ukukhula kwayo, izitayela, kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo.
1. Usayizi Wemakethe Nokukhula
Kusukela ngo-2020, ubukhulu bemakethe yemboni yolwazi lokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina bufinyelele cishe ku-8.5 billion RMB, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-8.5%. Ubukhulu bemakethe yemishini yokuwasha babucishe bube yi-2.5 billion RMB, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-10.5%. Ubukhulu bemakethe yensipho babucishe bube yi-3 billion RMB, bukhula ngo-7%, kanti imakethe yezinto ezisetshenziswayo nayo ime ku-3 billion RMB, ikhula ngo-6%. Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi ubukhulu bemakethe yemboni yolwazi lokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina buyaqhubeka nokukhula, bugcina izinga lokukhula eliphezulu futhi bubonisa amandla amakhulu embonini.
Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kosayizi wemakethe kugqamisa isidingo esikhulayo sezinsizakalo zokuwasha izindwangu eShayina. Lesi sidingo siqhutshwa yizici eziningana, okuhlanganisa amazinga okuphila akhuphukayo, ukwanda kwemikhakha yezokuvakasha kanye nezokungenisa izihambi, kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngenhlanzeko kanye nokuhlanzeka. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubukhulu bemakethe buqhubeke nokukhula kancane kancane, okubonisa isimo esiqinile sale mboni.
2. Imakethe Yemishini Yokuwasha
Ngokuphathelene nemishini yokuwasha, cishe ngo-2010, imishini yokuwasha imigudu yaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuwasha zaseShayina. Imishini yokuwasha imigudu, eyaziwa ngokusebenza kahle kanye namandla ayo, iguqule imboni yokuwasha indwangu. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, inani lemishini yokuwasha imigudu esebenza eShayina laqhubeka nokwenyuka, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezu kuka-20%, safinyelela amayunithi angu-934 ngo-2020. Lo mzila wokukhula ugcizelela ukuthembela okwandayo kubuchwepheshe bokuwasha obuthuthukisiwe embonini.
Njengoba isimo sobhubhane sithuthuka kancane kancane, inani labahlanzi bemihubhe abasebenza embonini yokuwasha ilineni yaseShayina labona ukukhula okusheshayo ngo-2021, lafinyelela amayunithi angu-1,214, izinga lokukhula unyaka nonyaka elingaba ngu-30%. Lokhu kwanda kungabangelwa ukugcizelela okukhulu ekuhlanzekeni nasekuhlanzekeni ngemuva kobhubhane. Izindawo zokuwasha izingubo nezindawo zokuwasha zitshale imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni imishini yazo ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezintsha nezidingo.
Ukwamukelwa kwemishini yokuwasha imigudu kulethe izinzuzo eziningana embonini. Le mishini iyakwazi ukuphatha izingubo eziningi ngendlela ephumelelayo, inciphise isikhathi kanye nomsebenzi odingekayo wokuwasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukonga okungcono kwamanzi namandla, okufaka isandla ekongeni izindleko kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Njengoba izindawo eziningi zokugeza izingubo zisebenzisa le mishini ethuthukisiwe, umkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemboni kuzothuthuka.
3. Ukukhiqizwa Kwasekhaya Kwemishini Yokuwasha
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwemishini yokuwasha imigudu yasekhaya embonini yokuwasha indwangu yaseShayina landa kancane kancane, lafinyelela ku-84.2% ngo-2020. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ezingeni lokukhiqizwa kwemishini yokuwasha imigudu yasekhaya kubonisa ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bemishini yokuwasha indwangu yaseShayina, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwemishini yokuwasha esezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokukhula kwemboni yokuwasha indwangu yaseShayina.
Ukwanda komkhiqizo wasekhaya kuwubufakazi bamakhono akhulayo aseShayina ekukhiqizeni imishini yokuwasha esezingeni eliphezulu. Abakhiqizi bendawo batshale imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze bathuthukise imikhiqizo yabo futhi bahlangabezane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kushintshela ekukhiqizeni kwasekhaya akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukuncika ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ezweni.
4. Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe idlale indima ebalulekile ekwakheni imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina. Abakhiqizi baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ukuze bathuthukise imishini yokuwasha esebenza kahle, ethembekile, futhi enobungani nemvelo. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwezinqubo zokuwasha, okuholele emiphumeleni engcono kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende okuphezulu.
Intuthuko ephawulekayo ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile emishinini yokuwasha. Imishini yokuwasha yesimanje ifakwe izinzwa nezinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisa imijikelezo yokuwasha ngokusekelwe kuhlobo kanye nomthwalo wezingubo. Lezi zici ezihlakaniphile zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuwasha, zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye namandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsipho ezinobungani nemvelo kanye nezinto zokuhlanza nakho kube nomthelela ekukhuleni kwemakethe. Abakhiqizi bagxile ekukhiqizeni izinsipho ezingasebenzi nje kuphela ekuhlanzeni kodwa futhi eziphephile nemvelo. Le mikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo ithola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathengi abaqaphela kakhulu indawo yayo ezungezile.
5. Umthelela we-COVID-19
Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lube nomthelela omkhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, futhi imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu ayihlukile. Ukugcizelelwa okukhulu kwenhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka kuye kwabangela isidingo sezinsizakalo zokuwasha, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana nokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukungenisa izihambi, kanye nezinsizakalo zokudla. Lesi sidingo esikhulayo sishukumisele izindawo zokuhlanza izingubo ukuthi zitshale imali emishinini yokuwasha ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubhubhane lusheshise ukwamukelwa kwezixazululo zokuwasha ezingenakuthintana kanye nezokuwasha okuzenzakalelayo. Izindawo zokuwasha ziya ngokuya zifaka okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukungenelela kwabantu futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokungcola. Lezi zinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ziqinisekisa izinqubo zokuwasha ezisebenza kahle nezihlanzekile, zinikeza ukuthula kwengqondo kumakhasimende.
6. Izinselele Namathuba
Nakuba imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina inikeza amathuba amaningi, ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile. Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namandla. Abakhiqizi kudingeka bathole izindlela zokwenza ngcono izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza futhi banciphise izindleko ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi. Lokhu kudinga ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle.
Enye inselele ukuncintisana okwandayo emakethe. Njengoba isidingo sezinsizakalo zokuwasha sikhula, abadlali abaningi bangena embonini, okwandisa ukuncintisana. Ukuze bahlale bephambili, izinkampani zidinga ukuzihlukanisa ngekhwalithi ephezulu, imikhiqizo emisha, kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende enhle kakhulu.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, imakethe inikeza amathuba abalulekile okukhula. Isigaba esiphakathi esikhulayo eShayina, kanye nokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngenhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka, kuveza isisekelo esikhulu samakhasimende ezinsizakalo zokuwasha izindwangu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela okwandayo kokunikeza izinsizakalo zokuwasha ngaphandle ngamahhotela, izibhedlela kanye nezinye izikhungo kunikeza umfudlana oqhubekayo webhizinisi lezindawo zokuwasha.
7. Amathemba Esikhathi Esizayo
Uma sibheka phambili, ikusasa lemakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina libonakala lithembisa. Imboni kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula kwayo, iqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo sezinsizakalo zokuwasha kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi cishe bazotshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze bathuthukise izixazululo ezintsha ezihlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende ezishintshashintshayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila ekusimeni okuzinzile kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi kulolonge ikusasa lemakethe. Njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu umthelela wabo kwezemvelo, kuzoba nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo zokuwasha ezinobungani nemvelo. Abakhiqizi kuzodingeka babeke phambili ukusimama ekuthuthukisweni nasekusebenzeni komkhiqizo wabo ukuze bahlangabezane nalesi sidingo.
Ekuphetheni, imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina ibone ukukhula okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuqhutshwa ukwanda kwemikhakha yezokuvakasha kanye nezokungenisa izihambi, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngenhlanzeko kanye nokuhlanzeka. Ubukhulu bemakethe buyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi ukwamukelwa kwemishini yokuwasha ethuthukisiwe njengemishini yokuwasha imigudu kuyanda. Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwemishini yokuwasha yasekhaya kubonisa ukuvuthwa kwamakhono okukhiqiza aseShayina.
Nakuba imakethe ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nokwenyuka kwezindleko kanye nokuncintisana okwandayo, iphinde iveze amathuba amaningi okukhula. Ikusasa lemboni libukeka lithembisa, ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugxila okukhulayo ekusimeni. Njengoba imakethe ithuthuka, abakhiqizi kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo kudingeka bahlale beshesha futhi besungula izinto ezintsha ukuze basebenzise amathuba futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende ezishintshashintshayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-09-2024