Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho waseShayina, izimboni zezokuvakasha namahhotela ziye zadlondlobala, zathuthukisa kakhulu imakethe yokuwasha ilineni. Njengoba isimo somnotho waseChina siqhubeka nokuvela, imikhakha eyahlukene ibhekene nokukhula, futhi nemakethe yokuwasha izindwangu iyafana. Le ndatshana icubungula izici ezahlukahlukene zemakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina, ihlola ukukhula kwayo, izitayela, namathemba esikhathi esizayo.
1. Ubukhulu bemakethe nokukhula
Kusukela ngo-2020, usayizi wemakethe wemboni yolwazi yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina ufinyelele cishe ku-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-8.5, ngezinga lokukhula elingu-8.5%. Imakethe yezimpahla zokuwasha yayilinganiselwa ku-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5, nezinga lokukhula lika-10.5%. Imakethe yezihlanzi ibilinganiselwa ku-RMB ezibhiliyoni ezi-3, ikhula ngo-7%, kanti imakethe yezinto ezisetshenziswayo nayo ime kuma-RMB ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3, ikhuphuka ngo-6%. Lezi zibalo zikhomba ukuthi usayizi wemakethe wemboni yolwazi yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina ulokhu ukhula, ugcina izinga lokukhula eliphezulu futhi ukhombisa amandla amakhulu ale mboni.
Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kosayizi wemakethe kugqamisa isidingo esikhulayo sezinsizakalo zokuwasha izindwangu eChina. Lesi sidingo siqhutshwa yizici ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokuphila, ukwanda kwemikhakha yezokuvakasha neyokwamukela izihambi, nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngenhlanzeko nenhlanzeko. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, usayizi wemakethe uqhubekile nokukhula kancane kancane, okubonisa ukuqina kwemboni.
2. Imakethe Yezisetshenziswa Zokugeza
Mayelana nemishini yokuwasha, cishe ngo-2010, amawasha emhubhe aqala ukwamukelwa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuwasha zaseShayina. Amawasha emhubhe, aziwa ngokusebenza kahle kwawo namandla, aguqule imboni yokuwasha izindwangu. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, isibalo semishini yokuwasha emhubheni esebenza eShayina saqhubeka nokukhuphuka, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lidlule ama-20%, lafinyelela kumayunithi angama-934 ngo-2020. Le ndlela yokukhula igcizelela ukwethembela okwandayo kubuchwepheshe bokuwasha obusezingeni eliphezulu embonini.
Njengoba isimo sobhubhane sithuthuka kancane kancane, isibalo samawasha emhubheni asebenza embonini yokuwasha ilineni yaseChina sakhula ngokushesha ngo-2021, safinyelela kumayunithi ayi-1,214, okuyizinga lokukhula lonyaka elicishe libe ngama-30%. Lokhu kuhlasela kungabangelwa ukugcizelelwa okuphezulu kwenhlanzeko nenhlanzeko ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane. Izindawo zokuwasha nezindawo zokuwasha zitshale imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni izisetshenziswa zazo ukuze zihlangabezane nezindinganiso nezimfuno ezintsha.
Ukwamukelwa kwamawasha emhubhe kulethe izinzuzo eziningana embonini. Le mishini iyakwazi ukuphatha inqwaba yezimpahla ngokuphumelelayo, inciphisa isikhathi nomsebenzi odingekayo wokuwasha. Ukwengeza, banikeza ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi namandla, okunomthelela ekongeni izindleko kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Njengoba izindawo zokuhlanza izingubo eziningi zisebenzisa le mishini ethuthukisiwe, ukukhiqiza okuphelele nokusebenza kahle kwemboni kuzothuthukiswa.
3. Ukukhiqizwa Kwasekhaya Kwezisetshenziswa Zokuwasha
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwamawasha emhubhe embonini yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina liye lenyuka kancane, lafinyelela ku-84.2% ngo-2020. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokukhiqiza lasekhaya lamawasha emhubhe kukhombisa ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bemishini yokuwasha izindwangu yaseChina, kuqinisekisa. ukuhlinzekwa kwemishini yokuwasha esezingeni eliphezulu. Le ntuthuko ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokukhula kwemboni yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina.
Ukwenyuka kokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kuwubufakazi bamandla akhulayo eShayina ekukhiqizeni imishini yokuwasha eseqophelweni eliphezulu. Abakhiqizi basekhaya batshale imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze bathuthukise imikhiqizo yabo futhi bahlangabezane namazinga omhlaba. Lokhu kushintshela emkhiqizweni wasekhaya akunciphisi nje kuphela ukuncika ekuthengeni impahla evela kwamanye amazwe kodwa kuphinde kugqugquzele ukusungulwa kanye nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ezweni.
4. Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokusungula
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekubumbeni imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina. Abakhiqizi bayaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezintsha ukuze bakhe imishini yokuwasha esebenza kahle kakhulu, ethembekile, futhi evumelana nemvelo. Lezi zinqubo ezintsha ziye zaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kwezinqubo zokuwasha, okuholela emiphumeleni engcono nokwaneliseka okuphezulu kwamakhasimende.
Enye intuthuko ephawulekayo ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile emishinini yokuwasha. Impahla yesimanje yokuwasha ifakwe izinzwa kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisa imijikelezo yokuwasha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nomthwalo welondolo. Lezi zici ezihlakaniphile zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuwasha, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokuhlanza ne-eco-friendly futhi kube nomthelela ekukhuleni kwemakethe. Abakhiqizi bagxile ekukhiqizeni okokuhlanza okungaphumeleli nje ekuhlanzeni kodwa futhi kuvikeleke endaweni ezungezile. Le mikhiqizo eco-friendly ithola ukuduma phakathi kwabathengi abaqaphela kakhulu indawo yabo yemvelo.
5. Umthelela we-COVID-19
Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lube nomthelela omkhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, futhi imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu iyafana. Ukugcizelelwa okuphezulu kwenhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo sezinsiza zokuwasha, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izivakashi, kanye nezinsiza zokudla. Lesi sidingo esinyukile sesenze abawashwayo batshala imali emishinini yokuwasha esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuze bahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka.
Ukwengeza, lo bhubhane usheshise ukwamukelwa kwezixazululo zokuwasha ezingathinteki futhi ezizenzakalelayo. Ilondolo ziya ngokuya zifaka i-automation ukuze kuncishiswe ukungenela kwabantu futhi kunciphise nengozi yokungcola. Lezi zinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ziqinisekisa izinqubo zokugeza ezisebenzayo nezihlanzekile, ezinikeza ukuthula kwengqondo kumakhasimende.
6. Izinselelo Namathuba
Ngenkathi imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina iveza amathuba amaningi, iphinde ibhekane nezinselelo ezithile. Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe namandla. Abakhiqizi badinga ukuthola izindlela zokuthuthukisa izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza futhi banciphise izindleko ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi. Lokhu kudinga ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle.
Enye inselelo ukwanda kokuncintisana ezimakethe. Ngesidingo esikhulayo sezinsizakalo zokuwasha, abadlali abaningi bangena embonini, baqinisa umncintiswano. Ukuze ziqhubeke, izinkampani zidinga ukuzihlukanisa ngekhwalithi ephezulu, imikhiqizo emisha, kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende enhle kakhulu.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, imakethe inikeza amathuba abalulekile okukhula. Isigaba esimaphakathi esandayo e-China, sihambisana nokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngenhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka, kwethula isisekelo samakhasimende esikhulu sezinsizakalo zokuwasha izindwangu. Ukwengeza, inkambiso ekhulayo yokukhishwa kwezinsiza zokuwasha ngamahhotela, izibhedlela, nezinye izikhungo inikeza ibhizinisi lokuwasha elondolo.
7. Amathemba Ekusasa
Uma ubheka phambili, ikusasa lemakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina libonakala lithembisa. Imboni kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nomkhondo wayo wokukhula, iqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo sezinsizakalo zokuwasha kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi kungenzeka batshale imali eyengeziwe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze bakhe izixazululo ezintsha ezihlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zamakhasimende.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila kokusimama nokongiwa kwemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi kulolonge ikusasa lemakethe. Njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu umthelela wabo kwezemvelo, kuzoba nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo zokuwasha ezinobungani nemvelo. Abakhiqizi bazodinga ukubeka phambili ukusimama ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yabo kanye nokusebenza ukuze bahlangabezane nalesi sidingo.
Sengiphetha, imakethe yokuwasha izindwangu yaseShayina ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, iqhutshwa ukwanda kwemikhakha yezokuvakasha neyokwamukela izihambi, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngenhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka. Usayizi wemakethe uyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi ukwamukelwa kwemishini yokuwasha esezingeni eliphezulu njengamawasha omhubhe kuyakhula. Ukukhiqizwa okwandayo kwasekhaya kwemishini yokuwasha kukhombisa ukuvuthwa kwamakhono okukhiqiza eChina.
Nakuba imakethe ibhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokukhuphuka kwezindleko kanye nokuncintisana okwandayo, iphinde iveze namathuba amaningi okukhula. Ikusasa lemboni libukeka lithembisa, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugxila okukhulayo ekuzinzeni. Njengoba imakethe ithuthuka, abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo badinga ukuhlala beshesha futhi besungula izinto ezintsha ukuze basebenzise amathuba futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo eziguqukayo zamakhasimende.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-09-2024