Embonini yokungenisa izihambi, ilineni elihlanzekile nelicwebezelayo yikhadi lebhizinisi lokuqala lekhwalithi elinikezwa indawo yokudlela kumakhasimende ayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwaleli khadi lebhizinisi, kunezinselele ezinkulu ifektri yokuwasha ebhekana nazo nsuku zonke. Amabala kawoyela, amabala ewayini, umbala, kanye nemvamisa ephezuluukuwashandawonye hlolani isikhathi sokuphila kwelineni kanye namakhono ochwepheshe efektri yokuwasha izingubo.
Ngobaizitshalo zokugeza izingubo, ibhizinisi lelineni lokupheka liyinzuzo ezinzile. Abantu kufanele bafinyelele ibhalansi eqondile phakathi kokuhlanzeka, inhlanzeko, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu akulona nje ubuchwepheshe. Luhlelo oluphelele kusukela olwazini lwesayensi kuya ekucwengisiseni ukuphathwa.
Inselele Eyinhloko
Ubunzima bokuhlanza ilineni lokupheka bukhulu kakhulu kunobamanye amalineni asehhotela. Ubuchwepheshe balo bunquma ubunzima benqubo yokuwasha.
● Amabala ahlanganisiwe
Kuyingxube yamafutha ezilwane nawemifino, amaprotheni (amabala egazi, amaqanda, ubisi…), ama-tannins (itiye, iwayini…), imibala, kanye nezinongo, ngakho-ke kudinga ukuphathwa ngokwehlukana.
● Ukuhlanzeka
Kumelwe ihlangabezane nezidingo zezwe ezifanele zokuhlanzeka kanye nokubulala amagciwane futhi ivimbele ukungcoliswa kokudla okuxubile.
● Ukushintshashintsha okuphezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphezulu
Ilineni ezindaweni zokudlela livame ukushintshwa, kodwa ukuwasha njalo futhi okunamandla kusheshisa ukuguga kwemicu kanye nokushabalala kombala.
● Ingcindezi yokulawula izindleko
Ilineni liyimpahla ebalulekile ezindaweni zokudlela, futhi ikhwalithi yokuwasha inquma ngqo impilo yayo yesevisi. Ukwehliswa ngakunye okungu-1% kwesilinganiso sokuhlanza kabusha kanye nomjikelezo ngamunye wempilo yelineni kungaletha izinzuzo zomnotho ezimbonini zokuwasha izingubo kanye namakhasimende ezindawo zokudlela.
Isihluthulelo Sempumelelo
Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, kuye ngokuthi umuntu unolwazi olungakanani noma indlela elula nengacwengekile yokuwasha akunakwenzeka. Amafektri okuwasha aphumelelayo ashintshele ekuthembeleni ohlelweni lokuphatha olugcwele oluqukethe izinqubo ezijwayelekile, ukuphathwa kwezinto eziqondile, kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile.
Isigaba 1
Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuwasha iyonke, ukunciphisa izinga lokuwasha kabusha, nokuvikela imishini elandelayo.
● Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga eli-3
- Izinto
Ukotini, i-polyester-ukotini, kanye ne-fiber yamakhemikhali kumele kuphathwe ngokwehlukana.
- Umbala
Ilineni elimhlophe, elikhanyayo, elimnyama, nelinombala kufanele lihlungwe kahle. Lapho kwelashwa ilineni elinombala, abantu kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-chlorine bleach kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zokulungisa imibala, futhi esikhundleni salokho kufanele kusetshenziswe i-color bleach powder.
- Izinga lokungcola
Ukungcola okuncane, amabala kawoyela aqinile, kanye namabala akhethekile (iwayini elibomvu ne-curry) kufanele kuphathwe ngokwehlukana ukuze kube lula ukuhlela izinhlelo ezahlukene zokugeza.
● Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okugxilile
Futha i-emulsifier ekhethekile yamafutha aqinile noma i-enzyme pre-coating agent endaweni enamafutha amaningi (njengendawo ephakathi yendwangu yetafula) → yima imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 → bolisa uwoyela ngokuphelele → kunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bokugeza okuyinhloko.
Isigaba sesi-2
Inqubo yokuwasha nokubulala amagciwane kufanele ilawulwe ngokunembile.
● Ukugeza kusengaphambili
Ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo, aphansi, noma amanzi afudumele akusikho ukususa ukungcola. Kungokumanzisa imicu, ukuhlanza ukungcola okuxekethile, nokudala izimo zokuwasha okuyinhloko. Ukwengeza inani elincane lezinto ezi-alkaline kungenza uwoyela ube mnene ekuqaleni.
● Ukugeza okuyinhloko
- Izinga lokushisa
Imicu yemvelo (ukotini omsulwa, ilineni…) ingelashwa ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu (75-85℃) kanye nezinsipho ze-alkaline ezinamandla ukuze kufezwe ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane okuhle.
Ezindwangu ezenziwe ngemicu yamakhemikhali noma imicu enwebekayo, izinga lokushisa kumele lilawulwe ngaphansi kwama-50-60℃ ukuvimbela ukushwabana nokuqina.
- Unxantathu Wegolide wamakhemikhali
Umphumela oyinhloko wokuwasha uncike ku-alkalinity, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, amandla omshini, kanye namakhemikhali. Kwilineni lokupheka, i-emulsifier enamandla iyadingeka. Ingaphula amabala kawoyela abe yizinhlayiya ezincibilika emanzini. Futhi, insipho/uketshezi oluqinile lokuwasha kufanele lusetshenziswe ndawonye ukuze lunikeze amandla e-alkalinity adingekayo kanye nokuhlanza. Ezitshalweni zokuwasha ezinkulu nezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukwamukelwa kohlelo lokuwasha umhubhe kungalawula ngokunembile izinga lamanzi, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, kanye nokufakwa kwezinto zamakhemikhali ekamelweni ngalinye. Lokhu kufeza ukulinganisa kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokuwasha.
● Hlanza futhi unciphise ukungcola
- Ukuhlanza okwanele
Uhlelo lokuwasha umhubhe we-Kingstar Automation lunomklamo wesakhiwo sokuhlanza esiphikisana nogesi. Lusebenzisa ukuhlanza okuphambene nogesi phansi kwegumbi eliphindwe kabili ukuze amanzi avela ekamelweni elingaphambili angagelezeli aye ekamelweni elingemuva. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ngempumelelo umphumela wokuhlanza futhi kunciphisa kakhulu izinsalela zezinsipho nokungcola. Ezindaweni ezinobunzima obukhulu bamanzi, kufanele kusetshenziswe amanzi athambile, noma kufanele kufakwe izithibi zesikali ukuvimbela ukufakwa kwensipho ye-calcium ekubangeni ilineni ukuba liphenduke umbala ompunga futhi liqine.
- Ukunciphisa ukhiye
Ilineni ngemva kokuhlanzwa okuyinhloko liyi-alkaline. I-neutralizer ene-acidic kumele isetshenziswe. Inani le-pH elingu-5.5-6.5 liseduze nezinga le-pH lesikhumba somuntu futhi lingancibilikisa ama-ion e-alkali nensimbi asele.
● Imisebenzi
- Usayizi
Ingasetshenziswa ukubuyisela ukuthungwa okuqinile kwama-napkin kanye nezindwangu zetafula. Ukuhlushwa kwempuphu ye-slurry kudinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile.
- Ukuthamba
Isithambisi esiphuzi singathuthukisa isibambo selineni likakotini, kodwa umthamo kufanele ube ofanele ukuvimbela ukuminza kwamanzi nomuzwa wamafutha.
● Ukuhlanza amagciwane ngokujulile
- Ukubulala amagciwane okushisa
Kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu. Ukugeza endaweni eshisa ngaphezu kwama-80°C isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10 kungabulala iningi lamagciwane abangela izifo.
- Ukubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali
Kwilineni elingamelani nokushisa, kungasetshenziswa izibulali-magciwane eziqukethe i-chlorine (ezine-chlorine concentration ephumelelayo engu-200-250 PPM ku-40℃) noma izibulali-magciwane ze-peroxic acid. Umthamo nesikhathi sokusebenza kudinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile. Ukuhlanza ngokuphelele kumele kwenziwe ngemva kokuhlanza.
Isigaba 3
Ukuqeda ngemuva kokuwasha kuthinta ngqo isimo sokulethwa kanye nesikhathi sokugcina ilineni.
● Ukususa amanzi noku-ayina
Ukususa amanzi kahle kakhulu kuyisisekelo soku-ayina okusheshayo nokonga amandla. I-press in the Kingstar Automationuhlelo lokuwasha umhubhekunganciphisa okuqukethwe komswakama kube cishe ngu-50%. Lokhu okulandelayo okusheshayo okukhuluumugqa woku-ayinaayikwazi nje ukwenza ilineni libe yisicaba, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi igweme ukuphuzi okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile ngokulawula kwayo izinga lokushisa kanye nohlelo lokucindezela olunembile.
● Isitoreji sesayensi
- Ilineni kumele ligoqwe futhi ligcinwe ngemva kokuba lome ngokuphelele.
- Indawo yokugcina kufanele ipholile, yome, futhi ingenise umoya kahle.
- Abantu kufanele basebenzise amashalofu noma ama-trolley futhi bagweme ukunqwabelanisa ngqo phansi.
Imibuzo Nezimpendulo
● Umbuzo 1: Kungani kunzima ukuhlanza amabala aqinile kawoyela elangeni lokupheka, futhi kungani ephinda abe manzi kalula?
A1: Amafutha okupheka (amafutha ezilwane) ayaphola futhi angene ajule endwangu.
Iqhekeka kancane uma izinga lokushisa lokuwasha liphansi noma i-alkalinity inganele.
Iyaqoqana futhi idonse uthuli ngesikhathi sokugcina.
● Umbuzo 2: Ungalinganisela kanjani ukusebenza kahle kokubulala amagciwane kanye nokuphepha kwelineni lokupheka, nokuthi ungagwema kanjani insalela yamakhemikhali?
A2: Ukubulala amagciwane ngokushisa kungcono kakhulu.
Ukotini ungagezwa ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-80°C okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 ukuze kufezwe ukubulala amagciwane ngokuphelele.
Ukubulala amagciwane okujwayelekile kwamakhemikhali kufanelekile kumalineni azwela ukushisa. Ukuhlanza okuphelele kuyadingeka ngemva kwenqubo.
Kusetshenziswa i-neutralizer ene-acidic ukulungisa i-pH yelineni ibe ngu-5.5-6.5, esusa amakhemikhali asele futhi ivimbele ukuphuzi.
● Umbuzo 3: Ungaligcina kanjani ilineni lihlanzekile futhi wandise impilo yalo ngempumelelo ngesikhathi esifanayo?
A3: Ilineni lihlelwa ngokwezinga lomhlabathi ukuze kugwenywe ukugezwa ngokweqile kwezinto ezinombala omncane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chlorine bleach kulinganiselwe. Abantu kufanele basebenzise i-oxygen-based bleach.
Izilinganiso zamakhemikhali zilawulwa ngokunembile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuwasha.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kuyagwenywa ngesikhathi sokomisa noku-ayina ukuze kuvikelwe imicu yendwangu.
Kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokuthambisa amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-30-2026