Njengempahla ebalulekile yokusiza ezibhedlela, ikhwalithi yelineni lezokwelaphaizingubo zokugezakanye nokubulala amagciwane kuthinta ngqo impilo yabasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye neziguli kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvimbela nokulawula ukutheleleka esibhedlela. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwezokwelaphaimboni yokuwasha ilinenifuthi icacisa amazinga okusebenza kwemboni, lesi sihloko siqoqa amazinga okuhlolwa okuyinhloko kanye nezinyathelo zokwelapha okubalulekile njengenketho yobungcweti kochwepheshe bemboni kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha.
Qinisa Isisekelo Sesistimu
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukusungula uhlelo lokuphatha oluphelele noluchwepheshile. Izikhungo zezokwelapha kanye nezinkampani zokuhlanza izingubo kufanele zisungule uhlelo lwezikhungo olungahlanganisa izici eziningi ngokusekelwe kumjikelezo wonke wokuphila kwezingubo zokuhlanza kanye nokuhlanza izindwangu zezokwelapha.
Uhlelo luhlanganisa ngqo:
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuwasha izindwangu zezokwelapha kanye nokuhlanza amagciwane
- Uhlelo lokuphatha iqoqo oluhlukanisiwe
- Uhlelo lokuqapha kanye nokuhlola ikhwalithi yokuhlanzeka kokugeza nokubulala amagciwane
- Uhlelo lokuphatha isitoreji sendwangu oluhlanzekile
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuphepha
- Imishini kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza imvelo
- Imithwalo yemfanelo yomsebenzi kanye nohlelo lokuvikela umsebenzi lwabasebenzi
Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo okuhlelekile kungaqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ilawula zonke izixhumanisi zokusebenza. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuwashwa kwezindwangu zezokwelapha ezivela emthonjeni.
Qinisa Ukuvikelwa
Ochwepheshe bemboni yokuwasha izingubo bangabaphathi abayinhloko bemisebenzi yokuwasha izingubo zelineni lezokwelapha. Ukuzivikela kwabo akugcini nje ngokuphathelene nempilo yabo kodwa futhi kugwema ngempumelelo ukutheleleka ngezifo ezithelelanayo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, abantu kufanele balandele ngokuqinile izidingo zokuzivikela.
● Ikhodi yokugqoka
Abasebenzi kufanele bagcine izingubo zabo zicocekile futhi bashintshe izingubo zabo zomsebenzi njalo. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukugqoka ama-slippers emsebenzini, futhi umuntu akufanele angene endaweni yokudlela, endaweni yomhlangano, noma aphume endaweni yokusebenza egqoke izingubo zomsebenzi.
● Imishini yokuzivikela
Uma uqoqa ilineni elingcolile futhi usabalalisa ilineni elihlanzekile, kubalulekile ukugqoka amagilavu okuzivikela, imaski, nezigqoko kahle futhi ugqoke izingubo zomsebenzi ezikhethekile ukuze uvimbele ngokuphelele izindlela zokuthintana nokungcola.
● Ukuphathwa kwezandla ngendlela ehlanzekile
Abasebenzi kufanele bagcine izandla zabo zihlanzekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngakho-ke kufanele bahlanze izandla zabo noma bahlanze izandla zabo ngemithi yokubulala amagciwane ngokwezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokususa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwesandla kanye nokutheleleka.
Ukuhlukaniswa Nokulahlwa Kwesayensi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zelineni lezokwelapha, futhi amazinga okungcola kwazo kanye nezingozi zokutheleleka kuhlukile. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi kuyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko sokugwema ukutheleleka okuthelelanayo.
● Ilineni elivamile elingcolile
Abasebenzi kufanele baqoqe ilineni elingcolile endaweni ekhethiwe. Ilineni akufanele lihlungwe emigwaqweni yesibhedlela, emigwaqweni, nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Ngemva kokuqoqwa, ilineni elingcolile kufanele lifakwe esitsheni esifihliwe bese lilethwa ngomugqa okhethekile. Ilineni kufanele lilandele umthetho othi “kungcolile kuya ekuhlanzeni” futhi ligweme ukubuyela emuva. Futhi, isitsha sokuthutha kanye nezimoto zelineni elihlanzekile kanye nelineni elingcolile kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile futhi kuphawulwe. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa, kufanele kuhlanzwe ngokushesha futhi kubulawe amagciwane.
Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukwenza imisebenzi yokugcina impahla ezindaweni zomphakathi njengemihubhe yesibhedlela kanye nezindlela zokungena.
● Ilineni elingcolile elikhethekile
Ilineni elingcoliswe igazi noma uketshezi lomzimba kanye nezingubo ezisetshenziswa yiziguli ezinesifo esithathelwanayo kufanele libekwe eceleni futhi livalwe ezikhwameni zokupakisha ezinezingqimba ezimbili. Amalebula okungcola acacile kufanele amakwe ngaphandle kwezikhwama zokupakisha ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okukhethekile esikhathini esizayo.
● Izidingo zesitoreji esihleliwe
Izingubo zabasebenzi, izingubo zeziguli, kanye nezingubo zokulala, nelineni elikhethekile lamagumbi okuhlinza kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile, futhi ukugcinwa okuxubile kufanele kugwenywe ngokuqinile.
Ilineni elihlanzekile, ilineni elingcolile, nezinye izinto ezihlobene nalo kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezihlukene futhi ngokwezigaba ukuze kususwe amathuba okungcoliswa kwendawo.
Lungiselela Ukuhlanzeka Kwemvelo
Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwendawo yokuwasha kuyisici esibalulekile se
Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwendawo yokuwasha kuyisidingo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuwasha ilineni lezokwelapha. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngokuqinile uhlelo lokuhlanzeka nokubulala amagciwane. Izidingo ezithile zifaka:
● Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane nsuku zonke
Beka usuku oluqondile lokuhlanza indawo yokusebenza njalo ngeviki. Ngezinsuku zeviki, amafasitela kufanele avulwe njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhamba kahle kwegazi kugeleza. Indawo engcolile kufanele ihlanzwe ngamalambu e-UV nsuku zonke, futhi ukuhlanza okumanzi kanye nokubulala amagciwane nakho kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngosuku.
Yonke imisebenzi yokubulala amagciwane kufanele iqoshwe ngokuningiliziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyatholakala.
● Ukuphathwa Kwethuluzi Lokuhlanza
Amathuluzi okuhlanza ezindaweni ezahlukene kufanele asetshenziswe ngokwehlukana. Amathuluzi anjengezindwangu nama-mop kufanele ahlukaniswe, ahlanzwe ngamagciwane, acwiliswe emanzini, futhi agcinwe ezindaweni ezizinzile.
Uphawu lwendawo kufanele lucace ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa okubangelwa ukuxuba ithuluzi.
Yenza Inqubo Yokuhlanza Izimpahla Ibe Yijwayelekile
Inqubo yokuwasha nokuhlanza amagciwane iyisisekelo sokunquma ikhwalithi yelineni lezokwelapha. Abasebenzi kufanele balandele ngokuqinile imithetho nezinqubo zokusebenza zesayensi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanza amagciwane kwelineni kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso.
● Amabala ayingxenye
Lapho belapha amabala angaphelele elineni, abantu kufanele balandele imithetho yobungcweti yokuthi “omile kuqala, bese kuba manzi” kanye nokuthi “alkali kuqala, bese kuba yi-asidi” ukuze bagweme amabala asele noma umonakalo elineni obangelwa izindlela zokwelapha ezingafanele.
● Inqubo yokubulala amagciwane ezindwangu
Ngokuya ngezinga lokungcola kanye nengozi yokutheleleka, abasebenzi kufanele basebenzise izinqubo zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ezihlukene.
- Izindwangu ezivame ukungcoliswa:
Hlanza ukuze ususe ukungcola okungaphezulu → bulala amagciwane ngokugeza ngesibulali-magciwane esiqukethe i-chlorine esingu-250mg/L okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 → hlanza futhi ulungise kahle ukuze ususe insalela yesibulali-magciwane elangeni.
- Ngokusobala izindwangu ezingcolile:
Kulabo abanegazi elibonakalayo, uketshezi lomzimba, uketshezi oluphumayo, noma okuphumayo:
Susa izinto ezingcolisayo ezibonakalayo ngokugeza → bulala amagciwane ngokugeza ngesibulali-magciwane esine-chlorine engu-2000mg/L imizuzu engama-30 → ukuhlanza → ukuthambisa.
- Izindwangu ezingcoliswe kakhulu:
Kulabo abangcoliswe yizifo ezibangela ukubola kwesisu, izifo ezithwala igazi, izifo ezithelelanayo ezingaziwa ezivelayo, ama-mycobacteria, ama-bacterial spores, noma izinto eziphilayo ezimelana nemithi eminingi (ama-MDRO), landela inqubo eqinile ethi “qala ngokuhlanza → ukuhlanza kabusha”.
sebenzisa isibulala-magciwane esiqukethe i-chlorine esingu-2000mg/L imizuzu engu-≥30 → hlanza → bulala-magciwane futhi ukuze unciphise izingozi zokutheleleka.
Cacisa Izinga Lekhwalithi
Izinkomba zamagciwane ezindwangu ezihlanziwe zibalulekile ekulinganiseni ikhwalithi yokuwasha. Kumelwe zihambisane ngokuqinile nalezi zindinganiso ezilandelayo.
- Izindwangu ezihlanziwe kufanele zigcinwe zomile, zihlanzekile, futhi zingathinteki.
- Ama-Coliforms kanye ne-Staphylococcus aureus akufanele kutholakale ekuhlolweni kwamagciwane.
- Inani eliphelele le-bacterial colony kufanele lilawulwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elingu-≤200 cfu/cm².
Lezi zimfuneko ziqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingcezu yelineni yezokwelapha ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusetshenziswa okuphephile.
Okuthandwayo Kwepharamitha Yobungcweti
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kanye nezinga lokulinganisa lokuwasha ilineni lezokwelapha, imingcele yokusebenza ebalulekile yemboni ihlelwa kanje ukuze kubhekwe futhi kuqaliswe ochwepheshe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nezindlela Zokwelapha Zelineni Lesibhedlela
| Ukuhlukaniswa | Izici Zokungcola | Amaphuzu Ayisihluthulelo Okuhlanza | Ama-detergent asetshenzisiwe | Amazwi |
| Izingubo zokuhlinzwa, ilokwe kanye nelineni elivikela igazi | Ngokuyinhloko amabala egazi kanye nokuphuma kwegazi kubantu | Ukususwa kwegazi, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokuhlanza igazi | Isihlanzi esikhethekile sezingubo zokuhlinzwa, isisusi esikhethekile segazi | |
| Izingubo zesiguli, izingubo zezingane | Amabala okujuluka amancane, amabala egazi ngezikhathi ezithile | Ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokwelashwa ngama-antibacterial | Isithambisi-magciwane | Uma ivolumu yokuwasha incane, ingahlanganiswa nezinye izigaba, kodwa kumele ihlukaniswe ngemva kokulashwa. |
| Iyunifomu yomsebenzi wodokotela | Amabala omjuluko/amafutha amaningi (amakhola nama-cuffs) + amabala ahlukahlukene emithi | Ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokwelashwa okuvimbela ukuguguleka | Isithambisi Esingashintshi | Uma amabala emithi angasuswa, phatha ngawodwana ngezinto ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sokugoqa |
| Izingubo Zokulala Ezivamile (Amabala Okujuluka) | Ngokuyinhloko amabala okujuluka kanye nokungcola okusekelwe emafutheni abantu | Ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane | Isisusa-mabala egazi esizinikele, i-neutralizer | |
| Izinto Zokulala (Amabala Egazi) | Amabala egazi akudala omisiwe | Ukususwa kwegazi, ukuhlanza kanye nokubulala amagciwane | Isisusa amabala egazi, i-neutralizer | |
| Izinto ezihlukahlukene | Uthuli, ukungcola, isihlabathi | Ukuhlanza | Insipho yokuwasha izingubo ejwayelekile |
Ishadi Lokushisa Nokushisa Lokugeza
| Izinga lokushisa | Isikhathi | Amanothi |
| 70°C | imizuzu engama-25 | Isikhathi sokuwasha siqala ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa elibekiwe selifinyelelwe, futhi leli zinga lokushisa kumele ligcinwe sonke isikhathi. |
| 75°C | imizuzu engama-20 | |
| 85°C | imizuzu eyi-15 | |
| 90°C | imizuzu eyi-10 |
Ishadi Lenqubo Yokuhlanza Izingubo Zokusebenza Zikadokotela
| Inombolo yochungechunge | Inqubo | Izinga Lamanzi | Izinga lokushisa | Isikhathi (iminithi) | Izithasiselo | Amanothi |
| 1 | Izingubo Zokulayisha | |||||
| 2 | Ukugeza Ngaphambi Kokugeza | Phezulu | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 3 | ||
| 3 | Engeza i-Detergent | Phansi | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | Isitsha Sokuhlanza Esikhethekile | ||
| 4 | Engeza i-Detergent | Phansi | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 15 | Isihlanzisi Esikhethekile Sokubulala Amagciwane | Engeza nge-additive port |
| 5 | Ukugeza Okuyinhloko | Phansi | 65°C | 75 | ||
| 6 | Pholisa ngamanzi abandayo | Phezulu | <45°C | 5 | Ungaphenduki-ukhiphe amanzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu | |
| 7 | I-Spin-Drink | 3 | ||||
| 8 | Hlanza | Phezulu | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 3 | ||
| 9 | Hlanza | Phezulu | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 3 | I-Neutralizer (50g) | Kwemishini ezenzakalelayo: hlanza izikhathi ezi-5; isilinganiso se-neutralizer: 300g ~ 500g |
| 10 | Hlanza | Phezulu | 50°C | 3 | Isithambisi (200g) | |
| 11 | Ukuzungeza Okumaphakathi | |||||
| 12 | Khulula | Ungasebenzisi i-high-sp |
Ishadi Lokubhekisela Ezingeni Lokushisa Lamanzi Nezitsha Zokuhlanza
| Inqubo | Izinga Lamanzi | Izinga lokushisa | Isikhathi (iminithi) | Engeza i-Detergent | Amanothi |
| Izingubo Zokuhlinza Ezilayishiwe |
4. Ngezingubo zezingane kanye nezingubo zesiguli, shintsha imijikelezo yesibili neyesithathu ngokuwasha kusengaphambili | ||||
| Susa Amabala Egazi | Phezulu | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 5 | ||
| Susa Amabala Egazi | Phezulu | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 5 | ||
| Engeza i-Detergent | Phansi | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | Isitsha Sokuhlanza Esikhethekile | ||
| Engeza i-Detergent | Phansi | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | Isihlanzisi Esikhethekile Sokubulala Amagciwane | ||
| Ukushisa | Phansi | 85°C | |||
| Ukugeza Okushisayo Okuphezulu | Phansi | 85°C | 35 | ||
| Ukuzungeza Okumaphakathi | 3 | ||||
| Hlanza | Phezulu | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 3 | ||
| Hlanza | Phezulu | Izinga lokushisa legumbi | 3 | Isithambisi-magciwane (200g) | |
| Hlanza | |||||
| Ukujikeleza Okusheshayo Okuphezulu | 3 | ||||
| Khulula |
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwemboni yezingubo zelineni lezokwelapha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokusungulwa kwensizakalo yezempilo yezokwelapha. Esikhathini esizayo, silindele ukuthi izikhungo embonini yezingubo kufanele zilandele ngokuqinile amazinga futhi zithuthukise njalo izinga lobuchwepheshe bokuwasha nokubulala amagciwane. Kufanele sivikele impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha neziguli.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 12-2025