Ngesikhathiukuwashainqubo yelineni, iyiphi ikhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi yizinsipho, izinto zokumhlopheza, njalo njalo. Empeleni, abaningiizimboni zokuhlanza izingubokhohlwa isici esibalulekile ekuhlanzeni ilineni. Lokho ngamanzi.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamanzi
Ekugezeni ilineni, amanzi ageleza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuwasha.
● Izinzuzo zayo ziseku:
- Inamandla amakhulu okuncibilikisa nokuhlakaza. Inokuncibilika okuhle kakhulu kokubili usawoti ongaphili kanye nosawoti wemvelo futhi ingancibilikisa futhi isakaze ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, ama-fatty acid aphansi, kanye nama-alcohols.
- Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinaphunga. Isebenza njengendawo ephephile kakhulu yokugeza ngamanzi.
- Ingabizi kakhulu futhi itholakala ngobuningi. Amanzi ayindlela yokuhlanzwa engabizi kakhulu futhi eyisisekelo, futhi ewumthombo otholakala kalula.
● Iphinde ibe nezinkinga ezithile.
- Ayikwazi ukuncibilikisa amafutha, ngakho abantu abakwazi ukususa amabala asekelwe kumafutha bodwa ngamanzi.
- Ukuqina kwayo okuphezulu kwenza kube nzima ngamanzi ukungena ngaphakathi kwemicu yelineni. Lokhu kuholela ekususweni kahle kwamabala lapho izindwangu zigezwa ngamanzi kuphela.
- Ngokuvamile, amanzi aqukethe ama-ion ensimbi njenge-calcium ne-magnesium, avame ukuthinta umuzwa wesandla welineni. Futhi, ama-ion ensimbi enza kalula ilineni libe phuzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufezwe imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokuwasha ilineni, ukwelashwa ngamanzi kuvame ukudingeka, futhi amanzi athambile kufanele asetshenziswe ekuhlanzeni.
Imibono Yamanzi Aqinile Namanzi Athambile
Amanzi aqinile amanzi aqukethe inani elithile lokungcola okufana nama-carbonate, ama-bicarbonate, ama-chloride, ama-sulfate, nama-nitrate e-calcium, i-magnesium, insimbi, i-aluminium, ne-manganese. Phakathi kwalawa, usawoti we-calcium ne-magnesium usatshalaliswa kabanzi emvelweni, futhi yizona zinto eziyinhloko zamanzi aqinile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanzi athambile ngamanzi lapho usawoti we-calcium ne-magnesium usususiwe khona.
Amanzi aqinile namanzi athambile ahlukaniswa ngokwezinga lawo lobulukhuni. Ngokuvamile kunezigaba ezi-5.
Amanzi athambile kakhulu: Ngaphansi kuka-15 PPM
Amanzi athambile: 15~50 PPM
Amanzi aqinile aphakathi nendawo: 50~100 PPM
Amanzi aqinile: 100~200 PPM
Amanzi aqinile kakhulu: Ngaphezu kwama-PPM angu-200
Umthelela Wamanzi Aqinile Ekuhlanzweni Kwelineni
Ikhwalithi yamanzi engcono kakhulu yokuwasha ngamanzi athambile. Amanzi athambile ngokwemvelo ayivelakancane kakhulu. Uma ubunzima bamanzi okuwasha bungaphezu kwesilinganiso, kuzothinta ikhwalithi yokuwasha yelineni futhi kubangele umonakalo othile.
● Umphumela Wokuhlanzwa
Ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium atholakala emanzini aqinile ezindwangu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izindwangu ezimhlophe zibe mpunga, futhi kunomthelela omubi ekumhlopheni kwazo nasekuzwakaleni kwesandla. Izindwangu ezinemibala zingase ziphelelwe amandla, zilahlekelwe amandla azo, futhi zibe lukhuni uma zithintwa.
Ama-calcium/magnesium deposits ezindwangu anamathele ngokuqinile emicu yendwangu. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyinselele ukususa lawa ma-ion nokubuyisela ubumhlophe bezindwangu ezimhlophe ezimpunga. Futhi, ama-scum ensipho aqoqana kalula ezindongeni zama-drum zemishini yokuwasha yezimboni kanye nemishini yokuwasha imigudu, okwandisa ubunzima bokugcinwa kwemishini.
Ama-ion ensimbi emanzini akha ukugqwala (i-iron hydroxide) ngesikhathi sokuwasha okufudumele, okwakha amabala ansundu ezindwangu. Lokhu kwenza nezindwangu ezimhlophe zibe phuzi ngokuphelele, futhi izindwangu ezinombala okhanyayo zingase ziphele. Ukususa la mabala okugqwala kudinga izinto zokususa ukugqwala noma i-oxalic acid, kodwa ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezinsipho ezinjalo kusheshisa ukuguguleka nokudabuka kwelineni.
● Yehlisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezihlanzi Zokuhlanza
Ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini aqinile ahlangana nama-surfactants kuma-detergent, okunciphisa umsebenzi wama-surfactants futhi kuvimbele ama-detergent ukuthi asebenze njengoba kuhlosiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elifanayo lamakhemikhali okuwasha lihluleka ukuletha imiphumela emihle yokuhlanza. Lokhu kuphoqa amafektri okuwasha ukuthi andise umthamo we-detergent, okuholela ezindleleni zokusebenza eziphezulu.
● Vimbela Ukususwa Kwenhlabathi
Ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini angabopha izinto ezifakwe emishinini yokuwasha ukuze akhe ama-precipitate. Ngakho-ke ezinye izinhlayiya zomhlabathi zisanamathela ezindwangu ngemva kokuwasha. Lezi zinhlayiya zingena ezimbotsheni ezincane kanye nama-capillary emicu, zihlale ezindaweni ezingaphakathi, futhi zinamathele kakhulu kunenhlabathi evamile. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa ngokuphelele.
● Ukonakala kokubukeka kwendwangu kanye nokuphila kwayo yonke isevisi
Amanzi aqinile afiphaza ubumhlophe bokuqala obukhanyayo kanye nokukhazimula kwelineni, futhi alimaza umbala wefayibha futhi ashintshe umbala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imicu iyaqina kancane kancane, iqhekeke, iphuke kalula, futhi ilahlekelwe amandla. Futhi, ilineni lilahlekelwa ubumnene balo obungokwemvelo, okugcina kufinyeze isikhathi salo sokusebenza.
● Fushanisa Isikhathi Senkonzo Yemishini Yokuwasha
Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa, i-limescale eqoqiwe igqwala izindawo zensimbi zemishini yokuwasha yezimboni nomaimishini yokuwasha imiguduUkuhlanganiswa kwamaminerali kuvala amapayipi amanzi, kubangele ukuguguleka okukhulu ezingxenyeni ezihambayo, futhi kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi senkonzo yemishini.
Umthelela Wamanzi Aqinile Eku-ayineni Kwelineni
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi aqinile ayalimaza uku-ayina ilineni.
● Vala Amapayipi Futhi Wehlise Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa
Ngesikhathi soku-ayina ilineni, ukuqongelela kancane kancane kwe-limescale (idiphozithi evela emanzini aqinile) kunciphisa noma kuvimbele ngisho namapayipi omusi wemishini efana namajeneretha omusi, izinsimbi ezisicaba, kanye nezinsimbi zomusi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kwemishini yoku-ayina.
● Amathuluzi Oku-ayina Agugile
I-limescale eyakheka lapho amanzi aqinile eshiswa iyagqwala kancane. Ama-ion e-chloride ku-limescale agugula izindonga zamapayipi ezitsha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi akhe i-limescale kasawoti wensimbi. Lokhu kwenza izindonga zamapayipi zibe ncane zemishini yoku-ayina, okulimaza ukudluliselwa kokushisa futhi kushiye izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona emikhunjini enomfutho ophezulu.
Izindlela Zokwelapha Amanzi
Ngemva kokuqonda izingozi zamanzi aqinile, amafektri okuwasha izingubo kumele enze ukwelashwa kokuthambisa amanzi.
Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili ezivamile zokwelashwa kwamanzi ezitshalweni zokuhlanza: ukushintshaniswa kwama-ion kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane.
- Indlela yokushintshanisa ama-ion isebenzisa i-resin ukufaka esikhundleni sama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini angavuthiwe. Uma i-resin isigcwele lawa ma-ion, izoyeka ukuwamunca. Kuleli qophelo, usawoti omsulwa wezinga lezimboni uyadingeka ukuze kuphinde kukhiqizwe i-resin ukuze isetshenziswe kabusha. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuselelwa kwe-resin kuthatha isikhathi futhi ngeke kwenziwe unomphela.
- Indlela yokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi isebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration (NF) noma ulwelwesi lwe-reverse osmosis (RO) ukuze kuvinjwe ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ubulukhuni bamanzi ngokuyisisekelo.
● Izinzuzo
Ukusebenza okuzinzile, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, umthamo omkhulu wokwelapha, kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
● Ukungalungi
- Ukusebenza okunzima kakhulu.
- Ukuthengwa okuqhubekayo kosawoti wezimboni kuyadingeka.
- Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-resin okuyinkinga esigabeni esilandelayo.
❑Indlela Yokuhlukanisa Ulwelwesi
● Izinzuzo
Ukungcola okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, kanye nokulungiswa okulula.
● Ukungalungi
Izidingo eziphezulu zokucindezela kwamanzi okungena, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu kwemishini, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphakeme.
Izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali zokuhlanza okusekelwe ku-resin ziphansi kakhulu, kanti izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali ze-reverse osmosis (RO) ziphakeme. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside, izinhlelo ze-RO zinikeza ukulungiswa okulula futhi zikhiqiza amanzi asezingeni elingcono.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafektri okuwasha izingubo kufanele futhi acabangele umthamo wokuhlanza ngehora wemishini yokuhlanza amanzi kanye nosayizi wethangi lamanzi athambile lapho ekhetha. Ukuhlelwa okuhlukile kuholela ekwehlukeni okukhulu ezindleleni zokutshalwa kwezimali zokuqala. Ukuze ukhethe inketho engabizi kakhulu, kudingeka ukuhlaziywa okuphelele nokuqhathanisa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nomthamo wokuwasha ilineni nsuku zonke, uhlobo lwemishini yokuwasha esetshenziswayo, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ngehora kwezitshalo zokuwasha izingubo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2025